A Deep Dive into U.S. Veterinary Oncology Diagnostics

Cancer is no longer a concern exclusive to humans. Our pets are increasingly vulnerable to it as well. In the United States (U.S.), over six million dogs and an equally alarming number of cats are diagnosed with cancer every year. As such, the need for early, accurate diagnosis has never been higher. Veterinary oncology diagnostics has emerged as an essential tool for early detection, staging, and treatment planning for cancer among pets.

In this blog post, we’ll explore the fundamentals of veterinary oncology diagnostics and shed light on the common diagnostic approaches. Also, we’ll examine the evolving landscape of the U.S. veterinary oncology diagnostics market. Stick with us!

The Rising Incidence of Cancer

With improved veterinary care, proper nutrition, and increased awareness, pets are living longer than ever before. However, increased longevity has also contributed to a high prevalence of several age-related illnesses, including cancer.

According to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), over 1 in 4 dogs, at some point in their life, develop neoplasia. Neoplasia refers to the abnormal or uncontrolled growth of cells or tissues in the body, forming a neoplasm or tumor. AVMA also estimates that over 50% of dogs above 10 years develop cancer. In fact, dogs are affected by cancer at roughly the same rate as humans. Furthermore, a study published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine reports that certain large breeds face disproportionately higher risks of cancer.

This significant rise in cancer incidence among companion animals has led to increased demand for early detection and diagnostics solutions. Technologies such as biopsies, medical imaging, and genetic tests are enabling veterinarians to detect cancer at early stages. In addition, they help improve diagnosis and provide personalized treatment strategies more effectively.

U.S. Veterinary Oncology Diagnostics Market in Numbers

With rising pet ownership and advancements in veterinary diagnostic technologies, the U.S. veterinary oncology diagnostics market is poised to witness sustained growth. The market is projected to exhibit a CAGR of 8.4% during 2025–2034. It is projected to grow from USD 992.64 billion in 2024 to USD 2,228.87 billion by 2034.

Common Diagnostic Approaches in Veterinary Oncology

Veterinarians leverage a combination of diagnostic techniques to detect, confirm, and monitor cancer in animals. Here’s a look at some of the most common diagnostic approaches used in veterinary oncology:

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)

FNA is often the first-line diagnostic tool in veterinary oncology. It involves the insertion of a thin needle into the suspected area to collect cells. The collected sample is then examined under a microscope to identify abnormal cells or other changes. FNA can help determine the lesion type, including malignant, infectious, or inflammatory. Also, the diagnostic tool can be used for tumor profiling.

 Biopsy

Biopsy involves removing a large tissue sample from the tumor or affected area. The sample is then examined under a microscope by a veterinary pathologist through histopathology. There are two main types of biopsy, including incisional biopsy or excisional biopsy. Incisional biopsy involves the removal of the entire tumor, whereas excisional biopsy deals with the removal of the entire tumor. With liquid biopsy, veterinarians can confirm cancer presence, determine tumor type, assess malignancy, and guide treatment.

Imaging

Imaging techniques such as X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and computed tomography (CT) scans help visualize internal tumors. Also, they are used to assess if cancer has spread to other parts of the body. X-rays are commonly used for detecting lung metastases or bone tumors, while ultrasound helps evaluate abdominal organs for tumors or abnormalities. MRI offers detailed soft tissue visualization and is ideal for brain or spinal tumors. CT scans are used for 3D imaging and are especially helpful in surgical planning and detecting metastasis.

Blood Tests and Tumor Markers

Routine and specialized blood tests offer vital systemic information about the overall health of the animal and possible cancer indicators. Complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry panels are used to detect abnormalities in white blood cells, red blood cells, liver function, and more. Measuring tumor markers, which are produced by cancer cells or other cells in response to cancer, can provide crucial information about the cancer.

Key Cancers Diagnosed in Companion Animals

Below is a deeper look at some of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in U.S. companion animals:

Lymphoma: Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system. It affects the lymph nodes, the spleen, the liver, and other organs. Lymphoma is one of the most common cancers in dogs and is also seen in cats. Veterinarians use FNA, biopsy, and flow cytometry to classify the lymphoma type. Lymphoma is highly responsive to chemotherapy, and early detection can improve prognosis significantly.

Mast Cell Tumors (MCTs): MCTs are derived from mast cells, which are part of the immune system and are most often found in the skin. They are common in dogs. The diagnosis for MCTs needs cytology via FNA and confirmatory biopsy. Veterinarians often use surgical removal as the first line of treatment. In some cases, radiation or chemotherapy may be required.

Osteosarcoma: Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer that most commonly affects the limbs of large and giant dog breeds. It is seen frequently in breeds like Rottweilers and Irish Wolfhounds. Although rare, it may also be found in cats. X-rays, bone biopsy, and chest imaging are used to check for lung metastasis. Early detection is key to managing pain and the spread of osteosarcoma. The use of amputation followed by chemotherapy can extend life expectancy.

Other cancers diagnosed in companion animals include hemangiosarcoma, melanoma, and mammary gland tumors.

To Conclude

The U.S. veterinary oncology diagnostics market offers vital clinical tools that help bridge the gap between symptoms and solutions. With the growing prevalence of cancer among pets, early and accurate diagnostics are fundamental to providing the best care possible. As medical technology advances, the field continues to evolve, offering hope and clarity to concerned pet owners across the country.